The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets Essay Example for Free

The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets Essay Tricked by Randomness The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets is a colorful evaluation of the human brain which is seen in the earth of Wall road and other exchanging markets over the world. What is seen by the reader’s perspective, changes with time, on the off chance that it is seen by turning the focal point. Nonetheless, viewpoint of the peruser will likewise choose various issues that are brought up in this book. Looking from one course, the book pays heed to the different boundless outskirts that have been made by broad communications and its commotion. Mr. Nassim Taleb attempts to worry upon the way that the basic man needs adequate information about the straightforward issues of likelihood and measurements. For instance, take a steam motor. On the off chance that one sees a steam motor just because, he may not recognize what is the working of the motor, however sooner or later of cautious assessment, one can most likely get a harsh thought of its working and can likewise foresee the personal conduct standard. That is one can anticipate the â€Å"future conduct pattern† after intently dissecting a shorter time of conduct. The model given here is contrasted with the life by and large. There is a great deal of un-hope in the lives of individuals and likewise in the securities exchanges. These exchanging markets have an immense factor of haphazardness that depend on the complex stochastic issues, and not to overlook ordinary fun and angry astonishments. The standard of conduct of the securities exchanges during brief timeframe ranges isn't so critical and is fittingly named as â€Å"noise† by the creator. The strategy for extrapolating esteems here in such manner is by all accounts unimaginable. However individuals all the more regularly do that. They attempt to outline designs where they â€Å"do no â€Å" exist and misconstrue the capacity of flightiness, look for defense for the event of likelihood and unequivocally accept that they best think about what's to come. Furthermore, this is what is worried in this book. The writer of the book, Nassim Nicholas Taleb is a securities exchange player and is a master skeptic. He declares that arithmetic is as yet immature and can't totally clarify the study of likelihood in the financial exchange. The creator anyway is cunning to comprehend to give satisfactory weight-age to the chance of irregular events, and their unimportance at certain events. He obviously sees that his thought towards the significance of irregularity has more an incentive than the numerical computations. Arithmetic is primarily an instrument to contemplate, as opposed to process. He has been an observer to innumerable operators and merchants who have been hit scarcely, â€Å"blown up† in the beguiling marvel of the exchange. All the time he has watched incredible thriving vocations finished with some unexpected market disintegrating. On such events, individuals state, I had never guage that, pitiably shaking their heads as they leave the commercial center. Indeed, this is the thing that the writer needs to pass on with his book these individuals have been â€Å"fooled by randomness† of the market conduct. There are numerous methods of getting tricked by the conduct of arbitrariness. The most widely recognized and unfavorable is to neglect to anticipate the likelihood of uncommon events. The creator communicates his idea that nothing else is more sure than the event of the surprising occasion that will undoubtedly happen sometime in future. Individuals frequently rest smoothly between safe periods, and overlook that the sudden is going to come whenever. Another is to see centrality in some irregular example. Taleb clarifies with gem clearness why the more frequently you see some fluctuating amount (the estimation of your offer portfolio, for instance), the less significance your perceptions have. However he sees merchants who watch costs go here and there continuously on screen the progressions are so little as to be totally arbitrary and think they are picking up something. Another issue which is progressively inconspicuous yet increasingly hazardous, is the survivorship inclination: in an aimless populace, a few issues will be more noticeable than others. Assume for instance, a dealer who takes a shot at techniques that do no superior to irregular conduct of the market, he will confront fifty odds of achievement and disappointment consistently. Obviously, it has never rung a bell, that his prosperity is additionally arbitrary, anyway his guiltless brain accepts that his prosperity was because of his boss procedures and not showcase haphazardness! The author’s see on haphazardness and his models are not constrained distinctly to exchange showcase. As a general rule, arbitrariness and social changes happen in each field. The impact of these â€Å"random nesses† can likewise be exaggerated by a hopeful reaction circle, which he calls as bipolarity. For instance, an occupation searcher does accidently well in a meeting (despite the fact that he isn't able, yet it is irregularity) and therefore shows signs of improvement results and more ubiquity than other people who are substantially more gifted. As a matter of fact, human brain is organized to see designs, to reason the reason for events, and to immovably trust in those reasons and methods of reasoning. The fundamental part of Talebs book is that the writer is very much aware of this social study of the human brain. He knows nothing he says can excuse the bogus impression designed by capriciousness or arbitrariness and that he is as powerless against the eccentrics or irregularity as some other basic man. Further he focuses on that his lone advantage is that he is at any rate aware of the shaky area, and frequently attempts to play so as to keep himself from these circumstances. For instance, he all the time attempts to overlook any type of â€Å"hot news† or any piece data. The books short yet phenomenal last segment manages this Zen-like issue of attempting to break oneself out of a shape of reasoning that can't be broken, despite the fact that one perceives its deficiencies. The fundamental trait of the book Fooled by Randomness is that the writer is exceptionally close watching a genuine image of the business sectors with the eye of an effective broker just as being an insider manual for non conviction. Genuine merchants, I accept, dress carelessly, are frequently revolting and show the scholarly interest of somebody who might be progressively keen on the data uncovering substance of the trash can than the Cezanne painting on the divider. (Taleb). The writer doesn't keep away from any circumstance of the market in his book. His models are crunchy and over and over monstrous. His hostility on a combination of highlights of the money related atmosphere, are pernicious and iridescently contended. Numerous individuals who read his book can discover him bothering and irritating. The book is a little survey on the how to exchange complex circumstances and to intently comprehend the arbitrary conduct of exchange markets. In any case, there are occurrences where the book is leaving some unanswered questions in the psyche of the peruser. The creator exhibits a disdainful and hateful dissatisfaction for venture supervisors who need to make a fortune for themselves by selling their track records. Indeed, later in the book, Taleb specifies that he likewise needs to be fence stock investments supervisor! Would he be able to do that without flaunting his own reputation with the clients? Will he take benefit of the arbitrary occasions that happened to him and gave him an effective reputation? Since Mr. Taleb’s rudimentary proclamation regarding the matter of the character of the Market hypothesis is mixed up on certain events, his assessment of the neighboring reflections prompts an unjust assessment of human conduct and market highlights. On occasion, the peruser may feel that the creator is swaying between a nonsensical estimation of the commonsense universe of currency market and his own passionate reactions to the consistently occasions of life. Simultaneously, Taleb additionally accepts his incomplete assessment and wrongly gives no consideration to the quantifiable crash of different factors inside the current monetary financial aspects. This is the reason before the finish of his book Mr. Taleb winds up deceived by the marvel haphazardness as well as to a limited degree abused by it. REFERENCE 1. Tricked by Randomness: The Hidden Role of Chance in Life and in the Markets, by Nassim Nicholas Taleb

Pshychoanalytic Essay on Dorian Gray free essay sample

Psychoanalytic Essay on Dorian Gray Many individuals experience Sigmund Freud’s phases of character all together from the â€Å"ID† to the sense of self to the superego; nonetheless, in the book â€Å"A Picture of Dorian Grey† we see a relapse rather than a movement of Dorian’s character. He is depicted as an honest youngster and is profoundly adulated by Basil who respects him for his great character. It is conceivable he has a sort of â€Å"superego† in light of the way that he might be â€Å"tainted†, as Basil says, by Lord Henry. Be that as it may, the gathering of Lord Henry and Dorian is inescapable. There is a reason that must be full-filled inside the book which is seeing the fall of Dorian; the impetus being Lord Henry. Dorian relapses back to a condition of the â€Å"ID† through a progression of occasions that happen in the book. Before all else, we see his gentile nature through his eagerness to sit for Basil and his enchanting characteristics that pull in nearly everybody he meets. We will compose a custom article test on Pshychoanalytic Essay on Dorian Gray or then again any comparable point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Here, we see the superego. Nonetheless, in the wake of meeting Lord Henry, he starts to endure between the â€Å"ID† and the superego. Subsequent to being savage to Sibyl, he feels regret and needs to make things directly with her. He comes to after his very own needs, yet then faces the truth that he can’t have it his way constantly and attempts to improve it. This is the place his cognizant becomes an integral factor. He realizes that what he did wasn't right and the superego permits him to feel that regret and compensate for what he did. At the point when Dorian chooses to murder Basil, he has at last arrived at his â€Å"ID† point throughout everyday life. He has now effectively relapsed to the least phase of character. Hence, Dorian makes an outing down the stages and uncovers the opportunities for any individual once taken by the shrewd and sly villain figure.

Marketing and Marketing Strategy

Marketing and Marketing Strategy Marketing and Marketing Strategy Home›Marketing Posts›Marketing and Marketing Strategy Marketing PostsMarketing strategy is a method that one uses to increase sales and use limited resources to reach to it optimum profits and maintain a competitive environment. In this particular situation the business at hand is named PRIMETECH College which is located in a remote African town this is meant to train the nursery school teachers most of whom are untrained, school dropouts to take care of fragile minds of children which is meant to be by highly educated professionals.This is a stage in children’s lives that is most crucial that the slightest bit of poor management can lead to poor learning (Laermer, Mark,  2007). The strategy here is come up with a basic foundation of to having a stringent initiative to come up with projects that will satisfy the market and make it the individuals opt to choose my high service institution.Promotional strategy can be used in the making for it to be in an institution that will be in a place where there is a high demand for the institution on conducting a prefeasibility test on the kind new methods of teaching and the various early childhood education techniques that are used by the different institutions and discover the new options that can come up with new initiative ideas for growth (Laermer, Mark,  2007).We have to establish the costs by other institutions and ensure that in as much as we are delivery quality education; we also have to make sure that the college is cost effective. We need to get the number of people with qualifications in the area and who have not had a chance to get higher education. In this way, we can come up with a strategy to get people to join with scholarships and have a way of paying the fees in installments. While coming up with an interactive way of helping the community.The location of the school should be convenient enough to be accessed by the students and equally so in an area that is qui et for study (Miles, 2003). The advertising measures have also to be out in place to make more of our potential customers aware of the college and the benefits which are to be achieved. The other competitors are to be analyzed so that I can figure out the mistakes made in the business in terms of the methods used and the way to have it’s a high excelling institution. We need to have facilities that are up to date and are also meant to bring the young children to the know-how of technology.We estimate that if we have it together with a boarding facility it is going to be beneficial to those from far. The goal is for the children to be well taught and their teachers of high integrity. I am going to specialize on a marketing strategy that is meant to have market dominance in the sense that it will be more advantageous to the community and bring about growth. This involves Leader in which I will take responsibility to come up with proper rules of progress that will see to the growth o f the company and in the same way will be a way of encouraging the subordinates by giving them incentives for a job well done.This way, they will have the morale to work hard and bring in more profits to the company. I will take leaf from the pioneers in the business and in the same learn from their mistakes and not do the same mistakes that they made and take it upon myself for it as a challenge to bring forth a better institution than the rest one that will be will be on the lips of every one when it comes to the education sector.My institution will be more of people oriented by this I meant I will take it upon myself to conduct a research for the ideal institution that the people would like and what kind of facilities they think will help them achieve their dreams (Bradley, 2005). This will also have to involve more of professionals in the field who will make it easy to bring about an ideal facility. It will also have employees from the local community as well as lecturer who are from well respectable educational backgrounds. This is a way of giving back to the society.A strategic scope will also come in handy as it will also involve the getting into the market and getting ways in which the focus is more detailed to only the education. The legal factors, such as the validity of licenses in the education ministry and ensuring that the teaching fraternity is also qualified will be analyzed. All the necessary papers have to be acknowledged and accredited by the rightful authorities for which after an inspection can give a permit. Social factors also have to be considered and this will be in terms of the dress code in the facility and the various necessary to avoid any vices that contravenes the integrity and the morals of the society. So in this way, the college is one that will uphold strong religious policies to ensure that the children also get to be spiritually upright.With the new changing syllabuses attributed to different changes in the society and curr icular, we have to be ready to accommodate any of these changes by having a constant training to our teachers.

In Spoken French, the Ne in Negatives May Be Dropped

French negation can be tricky. Normally, to make a statement negative you need to surround the conjugated verb with the formal French negative adverb  ne...pas. However, if youve ever watched French movies or television, or chatted with native speakers, you have almost certainly heard pas (or another negative adverb) used without ne, because this is a typical construction, characteristic of informal and familiar French. Although  the full express  (ne...pas)  is nearly always written out, the ne  is often dropped in spoken French. But  you should be able to construct a sentence, in most cases, using the full ne...pas  that means the same thing.  Pas  without  ne can be used to negate adjectives, adverbs, nouns, pronouns, and verbs.   Purists will tell you that using pas without ne  is wrong (and they tell me I shouldnt teach it), but the reality is that this is how the French speak now.  So if your goal is to sound more French, thats how you should speak, too. Informal Negative Statements Without Ne Je ne sais pas. Je sais pas.  Or even:  Jsais pas,  Sais pas,  and  Chais pas (pronounced  Shai pah). (I dont know.)  Il ne va pas venir. Il va pas venir. (He isnt going to come.)Elle nest pas encore arrivà ©e. Elle est pas encore arrivà ©e. (She hasnt arrived yet.)Ne bouge pas  ! Bouge pas  ! (Dont move!)Il ne faut pas faire à §a  ! Il faut pas faire à §a. (You shouldnt do that!Note: Its not just  ne...pas  constructions where speakers drop the ne; they do as well with all the other negative structures.Je nai plus dargent Jai plus dargent. (I dont have any more money.)Nous ne le voyons jamais Nous le voyons jamais. (We never see him.)Je nai aucune idà ©e Jai aucune idà ©e. (I have no idea.)Je nen sais rien Jen sais rien. (I dont know anything about it.)

International Governance The United Nations Essays

It is often argued that the single consistent, unifying factor of governance throughout the history of mankind has been war. In our contemporary society and nearly every civilization that has preceded it, warfare has pertained to governance as governance has pertained to warfare—whether as a diplomatic last resort, or as a means for implementing imperial, territorial expansion. Yet, when applied on the international level, the question arises: by what authority is the right to govern granted? If war is a means to this authority, is it through the blind, tumultuous, violent struggle for power, or is it grounded in a universal moral absolute? Put another way, do we assert that governance is determined by arbitrary might or by absolute right?†¦show more content†¦The Charter itself was created primarily from proposals determined by representatives from China, the United States, the Soviet Union, and the United Kingdom. It was established largely in reaction to the failur e of preceding organizations such as the League of Nations to prevent war, in addition to the catastrophic destruction caused by WWI and WWII (UN, â€Å"History†). The Charter outlines four principle purposes for all members of the UN: â€Å"1) to maintain international peace and security; 2) to develop friendly relations among nations; 3) to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights; 4) and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations† (UN, â€Å"Brief†). Today, the UN is composed of 192 countries , including the United States. All agree to adhere to the regulations of the Charter upon becoming member states. The structure of the UN as outlined by the Charter is complex, and for the sake of brevity I will only mention one internal component: the Security Council. According to the United Nations’ website, this group is responsible for implementing global peace, and consists of 15 members. Ten of these a re elected temporarily, and the other 5—China, France, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom, and theShow MoreRelatedGlobalization Has Brought A Huge Change Essay1651 Words   |  7 Pageshas started to take a new form. The new concept of â€Å"global governance† has spread as global issues appear beyond nation-states. In this global governance, however, the question of â€Å"who governs†- who will be the principal actor that governs the new global system- can be very controversial. Especially, when international institutions and other organizations are thought to become more important leading actors in global governance than the nation-states used to be, the controversy can be intensified. SomeRead MoreThe World Of The Global Community1438 Words   |  6 Pagestechnology, makes our world a much smaller, much more diverse place, the role of nation states is bring reduced. Global organisations are taking on a more expansive role in the governing of the wor ld. Organisations such as the United Nations, The World Bank, the World Health Organisation, the G8 and the G20 taking on important roles in regulating all facets of the policy around the world. Placing requirements on sovereign nations to achieve standards, in fields such as Economics, health, education, andRead MoreThe League Of Nations And The United Nations1178 Words   |  5 PagesLeague of Nations and the United Nations are two unique forms of international governance created by world powers out of the same necessity—needing a better format of managing global conflict. However, both international organizations were created, structured, and operated under very different circumstances. For instance, the League of Nations was created during towards the end of World War I, when nations were looking for a governing body to address future global conflicts. Similarly, the United NationsRead MorePolitical Governance in Rwanda904 Words   |  4 PagesPolitical Governance in Rwanda I. Summary: Rawanda a country titled Genocide, massacre, poverty, discrimination, corruption, and violence. However, Rawanda have been receiving considerable amount of funds from international community despite being a dictatorship along with miserable human rights record and instability in region. Rwanda is facing one of the most serious problems with its political governance. Due to dictatorship there is little attention on vast majority and day by day people areRead MoreGlobal Governance Is A Set Of Coercive Norms, Principles, And Decisions1531 Words   |  7 Pages Global governance is a set of coercive norms, principles, rules and decisions-making procedures existing over and above the level of nations-states which have to comply with them. In the realm of international migration in which individuals opt voluntarily to cross countries boundaries in order to stay in the host state for a minimum of length of time, it appears that that the need of global governance has become unavoidable by the mid twentieth century. Effectively, states struggle to control internationalRead MoreThe Legitimacy And Global Governance1729 Words   |  7 PagesThe legitimacy and importance of institutions in global governance is a highly contested topic, among which many question the existence of international institutions. To suggest that institutions in global governance do not matter, is to suggest that the majority of countries have the willingness to co-operate, the ability to solve disputes and to organise themselves to ensure problems are dealt with effectivel y without the pressure of an outside body – which has been proven to be ineffective . ThisRead MoreThe State Based Westphalian System Of Governance1468 Words   |  6 Pagesmilitary, environmental, as well as social and cultural aspects of international relations and everyday life. These overlapping processes of globalization have allowed for a great deal of global progress, but progress is impossible to achieve without occasional setbacks. The problems we face today are rooted in the contradiction of solving global issues while relying on the state-based Westphalian system of governance. Governance â€Å"provide[s] a general way to formulate, implement, monitor and enforceRead MoreWhat Will It Take To Prevent A Security Decline In Mosul?1690 Words   |  7 PagesProviding security in the middle east has been a priority and also a challenge for the international community, especially within the last two decades. Through this time period the middle east as a region, despite its wealth of natural resources, has experienced severe conflict caused by corruption, religious tensions, and the disenfranchisement of local citizens just to highlight a few crucial issues. Because of these issues the Middle East has been a hotbed for instability. My article, â€Å"What WillRead MoreThe Idea Behind The United Nations1163 Words   |  5 PagesThe Idea Behind The United Nations Is To Be Democratic In Solving World Political, Economic and Social Issues, But Is It Successful In This Effect? Stephen Goodspeed describes the organizational framework of the United Nations as â€Å"an association of states that through a multipartite treaty, the Charter, have elected to follow a certain course of action in given circumstances in order to accomplish specific aims and purposes.† It has the legal capacity whereby, it is able to act as a subjectRead MoreNorth Asian Country : A Centralized Country Ruled By Authoritarian Government1035 Words   |  5 PagesThe Governances’ Transformation Despite the difference in the political system, both countries, initially, was a centralized country ruled by authoritarian government which had full control over the forest resources. Along with the unfair distributed benefit and economic development orientation, the forest resources become heavily abused by the governments and the local forest communities which drastically accelerate the rate of the deforestation (Resosudarmo and Yusuf 2006; Sunderlin and Huynh 2005)

Pritur Free Essays

PRITUR Market – aggregate of people who as individuals or organizations have needs or services and who have the ability, willingness and authority to purchase such products Marketing – is all about finding out what guests wants and needs are, then providing them at a reasonable cost and profit. Sales- is an important part of marketing. Difference between marketing and sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Pritur or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing focuses on the guests Sales it focuses on products Environmental analysis – means studying the economic social, political and technological influences that could affect the hospitality business. Focuses on: 1. Economic impact – should not be underestimated. 2. Social analysis – demographic is a part of social analysis and this is the profile of society includes: Age, sex, household, income, family size, occupation, religion, race and nationality. 3. Political analysis – the political analysis will affect the hospitality in a number of ways like: employment registration, minimum wage, health care, taxes on the benefit package, tax deduction, and no smoking laws. 4. Technological analysis – to make work faster and easier. 5. Competitor analysis – analysing the strength and weakness of your competitor. Marketing process: 1. Market planning – it is the planning process that yields the decision on a business unit can best compete in the market. 2. Market assessment – to determine if there is a need for a product or service in the market encloses its potential. 3. Market demand – 4. Competitive analysis – assessment the strength and weakness of the company. 5. Positioning – to occupy a specific place or position to the target market. 6. Market goals or objectives – an objective must be planned for each goal. Any form of a business has its own goal. 7. Marketing Needs – is the combination of elements that you will use to market your product. The four P`s of marketing: 1. The place – location. 2. The product – the needs and wants of the target market. 3. The promotion – it include the technique for communicating the products. Advertising – is any form of paid or non personal communication used by an identified sponsor to persuade or to inform certain audience about a product. Form of advertising: 1. Personal selling – form of sales. 2. Sales promotion – include offering inducements to buyers. 3. Public relation – include all communication aimed at increasing goodwill in the user communities. Publicity – is the organization communication with the public. * Packaging – is when organization combines two or more items or activities. * Programming – a complete program of events is planned. 4. People – are the important part of marketing mix. this is considered to be the key service component of the tourism industry. 8. Action Plan – it creates action plan based on the 4 P`s. 9. Performance evaluation – evaluating actual operations against expected performance is an ongoing process and lets an organization how well it has done compared with how well it said it would to. budget vs. Actual expenses, investigate variants, take corrective actions. Market segmentation – is the marketing process of dividing a market into distinct subsets that behave in the same way or have similar needs. 1. Business to business – involves selling of product with other agencies. 2. Business to consumer – involves the selling of product directly to the costumer. Niche market – also called as specialty market is can be categorized as a consumer or industrialized market. How to cite Pritur, Essay examples

Necklace And Rocking Horse Winner Essays - The Necklace,

Necklace And Rocking Horse Winner "The Necklace" by Guy De Maupassant and "The Rocking Horse Winner" by D.H. Lawrence have two women in these stories that show no care or concern for anyone but themselves. Hester and Mathilde both had families that they truly did not love. And they were only involved with them for social reasons and to have their selfish needs provided. They finally righted the way they lived but only because they lost something or someone of importance to them. Mathilde always thought that she should be someone of wealth or at the very least married someone who was rich. She was a beautiful woman that had all the tastes of a family with great prosperity. Only she was not prosperous as she married a clerk. Maupassant writes that Mathilde "...let herself be married to a little clerk at the Ministry of Public Instructions" (Maupassant Page 976). She never married for love but married for what she had to settle for. A woman does not let herself become married, should be for love. "She had no dresses, no jewels, nothing. And she loved nothing but that; she felt made for that" (Page 976). So Mathilde could not love her husband for who he was, she only loved material possessions. Possessions she could not have. Mathilde had all the tastes of excess. "She suffered ceaselessly, feeling herself born for all the delicacies and all the luxuries" (Page 976). Mathilde suffered because she wanted it all but could not have the "delicacies." One day her husband came home with an invitation to a formal gathering at her husband's place of work, The Ministry of Public Instructions. Instead of being pleased to actually go somewhere of upper class, she makes her husband feel about two inches tall. Mathilde was not satisfied with just going but her selfish conceited ways only wanted more. Not caring of the expense she demanded a new dress for the occasion. Which happened to be the same amount of money that her husband was setting aside for gun for himself. But he gave her the money anyway to make her happy. Only Mathilde was not happy she wanted more. Mathilde whined, "It annoys me not to have a single jewel, not a single stone, nothing to put on. I will look like distress. I should almost rather not go at all" (Page 978). Again her husband feels horrible that he cannot provide for his loved one, when in return she could careless about him. He had no money left to give, so he sent Mathilde to her friends to borrow jewels to wear. She was pleased with this idea and borrowed an elegant necklace. The night of the event came and Mathilde was a hit with everyone. Finally Mathilde and her husband left the party in a frantic way because Mathilde was embarrassed of her wraps she wore to cover her shoulders. After all the rushing and when they arrived home, Mathilde realized the necklace was gone. She had lost the necklace. "I have ? I have ? I've lost Mme. Forestier's necklace" (Page 979). Mathilde uttered to her husband and their lives changed forever. To replace the necklace her husband was forced to borrow money from who ever he could. They both had to take on jobs now more than ever. But Mathilde had changed and now knew that the debt must be paid off and she was willing to help. "She took her part, moreover, all of a sudden, with heroism" (Page 980). Finally after ten years all debts had been paid. Two things happened to Mathilde over these ten years. First she lost her looks, charm, and overall appeal. "She had become a woman of impoverished households..." (Page 981). The second is she learned to care for others. She did anything to help her husband pay the debt off that was ten years lasting. It was unfortunate for Mathilde she did not learn better ways until she had been humbled by the work. All because of a necklace that was supposedly of great importance. As well as Mathilde, Hester did not love the ones she was supposed to. "She married for love, and the love turned to dust. She had bonny children, yet she felt they had been thrust upon her, and she could not love them" (Lawerence Page 873). Everyone thought that Hester was a good mother. "Only she herself, and her children themselves, knew it was not so" (Page 873). Hester was more concerned about maintaining her

Free Essays on Kohlberg Stages

Moral issues have been a fundamental issue since the beginning of time. Conflicting assertions and different opinions have created a topic of interest to many philosophers, researches, sociologists and many other intellectuals. Lawrence Kohlberg studied the stages of moral judgement expanding on what Jean Piaget, the father of moral development studied. However, â€Å"Kohlberg determined that the process of attaining moral maturity took longer and was more gradual than Piaget had proposed.† Kohlberg believed that moral development progressed as time went on, through as series of stages. Kohlberg identified six stages of moral development that he proposed humans follow throughout life. He groups these stages into three major levels. The first level, the preconventional level, â€Å"a persons moral judgements are characterized by a concrete, individual perspective.† Stage one focuses on the fact that a persons moral judgements are based on the fact that breaking rules that are made will result in punishment. In this stage, they remain obedient in order to avoid any consequences of an action.. This stage is based on egocentric behavior which is the inability to consider another person perspective. â€Å"At this level, the child is responsive to cultural rules and labels of good and bad, right or wrong, but he interprets the labels in terms of either the physical or hedonistic consequences of action (Punishment, reward, exchange of favors) or the physical power of those who enunciate the rules and labels.† Stage one is considered the punishment and obedience orientation phase. ‘The physical consequences of an action determine its goodness or badness regardless of the human meaning or value these consequences. Avoidance of punishment and unquestioning deference to power are values in their own right.† For example, Joe and Pete are playing in their first grade classroom. Joe see’s a toy that Pete is playing with, and... Free Essays on Kohlberg Stages Free Essays on Kohlberg Stages Moral issues have been a fundamental issue since the beginning of time. Conflicting assertions and different opinions have created a topic of interest to many philosophers, researches, sociologists and many other intellectuals. Lawrence Kohlberg studied the stages of moral judgement expanding on what Jean Piaget, the father of moral development studied. However, â€Å"Kohlberg determined that the process of attaining moral maturity took longer and was more gradual than Piaget had proposed.† Kohlberg believed that moral development progressed as time went on, through as series of stages. Kohlberg identified six stages of moral development that he proposed humans follow throughout life. He groups these stages into three major levels. The first level, the preconventional level, â€Å"a persons moral judgements are characterized by a concrete, individual perspective.† Stage one focuses on the fact that a persons moral judgements are based on the fact that breaking rules that are made will result in punishment. In this stage, they remain obedient in order to avoid any consequences of an action.. This stage is based on egocentric behavior which is the inability to consider another person perspective. â€Å"At this level, the child is responsive to cultural rules and labels of good and bad, right or wrong, but he interprets the labels in terms of either the physical or hedonistic consequences of action (Punishment, reward, exchange of favors) or the physical power of those who enunciate the rules and labels.† Stage one is considered the punishment and obedience orientation phase. ‘The physical consequences of an action determine its goodness or badness regardless of the human meaning or value these consequences. Avoidance of punishment and unquestioning deference to power are values in their own right.† For example, Joe and Pete are playing in their first grade classroom. Joe see’s a toy that Pete is playing with, and...

Negative Effects of Collusion in Business and Politics

Negative Effects of Collusion in Business and Politics Collusion is an agreement between two or more entities to limit open competition or gain an unfair advantage in the market by means of deceiving, misleading, or defrauding. These types of agreements are - not surprisingly - illegal and therefore are also typically very secretive and exclusive. Such agreements can include anything from setting prices to limiting production or opportunities to kickbacks and misrepresentation of the party’s relationship to one another. Of course, when collusion is discovered, all acts affected by the collusive activities are considered void or having no legal effect, in the eyes of the law. In fact, the law ultimately treats any agreements, obligations, or transactions as though they had never existed. Collusion in the Study of Economics In the study of economics and market competition, collusion is defined as taking place when rival companies who otherwise would not work together agree to cooperate for their mutual benefit. For instance, the companies may agree to refrain from participating in an activity that they normally would in order to reduce competition and gain higher profits. Given the few powerful players within a market structure like an oligopoly (a market or industry that is dominated by a small number of sellers), collusive activities are often commonplace. The relationship between oligopolies and collusion can work in the other direction as well; forms of collusion can ultimately lead to the establishment of an oligopoly. Within this structure, collusive activities can make a significant impact on the market as a whole starting with the reduction of competition and then the likely possibility of higher prices to be paid by the consumer. In this context, acts of collusion resulting in price fixing, bid rigging, and market allocation could place businesses in jeopardy of being prosecuted for violations of the federal Clayton Antitrust Act. Enacted in 1914, the Clayton Antitrust Act is intended to prevent monopolies and protect consumers from unfair business practices. Collusion and Game Theory According to game theory, it is the independence of suppliers in competition with one another that keeps the price of goods to their minimum, which ultimately encourages overall efficiency of the industry leaders in order to remain competitive. When this system is in effect, no one supplier has the power to set the price. But when there are few suppliers and less competition, as in an oligopoly, each seller is likely to be acutely aware of the actions of the competition. This generally leads to a system in which decisions of one firm can greatly influence and be influenced by the actions of other industry players. When collusion is involved, these influences are typically in the form of clandestine agreements that cost the market the low prices and efficiency otherwise encouraged by competitive independence.​ Collusion and  Politics In the days following the tumultuous 2016 presidential election, allegations arose that representatives of the Donald Trump campaign committee had colluded with agents of the Russian government to influence the outcome of the election in favor of their candidate. An independent investigation conducted by former FBI Director Robert Mueller found evidence that President Trump’s National Security Adviser Michael Flynn may have met with the Russian ambassador to the U.S. to discuss the election. In his testimony to the FBI, however, Flynn denied having done so. On February 13, 2017, Flynn resigned as national security director after admitting he had misled Vice President Mike Pence and other top White House officials about his conversations with the Russian ambassador. On December 1, 2017, Flynn pleaded guilty to charges of lying to the FBI about his election-related communications with Russia. According to court documents released at the time, two unnamed officials of the Trump presidential transition team had urged Flynn to contact the Russians. It is expected that as part of his plea agreement, Flynn promised to reveal the identity of the White House officials involved to the FBI in return for a reduced sentence. Since the allegations surfaced, President Trump has denied having discussed the election with Russian agents or having directed anyone else to do so. While collusion itself is not a federal crime - except in the case of antitrust laws - the alleged â€Å"cooperation† between the Trump campaign and a foreign government may have violated other criminal prohibitions, which could be interpreted by Congress as impeachable â€Å"High Crimes and Misdemeanors.† Other Forms of Collusion While collusion is most often associated with secretive agreements behind closed doors, it can also occur in slightly different circumstances and situations. For instance, cartels are a unique case of explicit collusion. The explicit and formal nature of the organization is what differentiates it from the traditional sense of the term collusion. There is sometimes a distinction made between private and public cartels, the latter referring to a cartel in which a government is involved and whose sovereignty likely shields it from legal action. The former, however, are subject to such legal liability under the antitrust laws that have become commonplace around the world. Another form of collusion, known as tacit collusion, actually refers to collusive activities that are not overt.  Tacit collusion requires two firms to agree to play by a certain (and often illegal) strategy without explicitly saying so. Historical Example of Collusion One particularly memorable example of collusion occurred in the late 1980s when Major League Baseball teams were found to be in a collusive agreement to not sign free agents from other teams. It was during this period of time when star players like Kirk Gibson,  Phil Niekro, and Tommy John – all free agents that season – did not receive competitive offers from other teams. The collusive agreements made between team owners effectively erased competition for players which ultimately severely limited the player’s bargaining power and choice.

Coral Reefs in the Philippines and the trophic levels and organism Research Paper

Coral Reefs in the Philippines and the trophic levels and organism localization and interaction specific to this area - Research Paper Example From the lowest level to the higher level, organisms feed on each other, with the latter being decomposers that break down the tertiary consumers into components used by the producers for their growth (Alex, 2009). This ideally means that at each level, organisms depend on each other for survival. In the primary producers level; photosynthetic organisms that make their own food by synthesizing organic compounds, there are mainly coralline algae, filamentous turf algae, and other species of seaweeds (Alicea, 2006). For primary consumers, mainly zooplankton and invertebrate larvae feed on the primary producers for their food and acquisition of energy. In this level, organisms such as jellyfish form around the coral polyps to interact with the reefs by offering protection from predators in the secondary consumer level (Alex, 2009). In the secondary consumer level mostly plankton consumers such as parrotfish common in the Philippines coral reefs, which interact with algae by the parrotfish feeding on the microalgae (Alicea, 2006). Microalgae usually cover the reefs making them unhealthy by preventing their growth. Others in the same level include Sixbar wrasse of Thalassoma Hardwicke species and Double whiptail of the Pentapodus emeryii species. These feed on small fish that when reduce in numbers, result in an increase of algae, thereby requiring parrotfish to prevent algae from covering the coral reefs hence hindering their growth. The final level is made up of tertiary consumers, majorly carnivores that feed on the secondary consumers. With increased feeding on algae by the parrotfish, algae reduce substantively thereby reducing their population, and hence reduced growth of the coral reef. The parrotfish play a substantive role in the Philippines coral reefs ecosystem, making them irreplaceable. Alicea, E. (2006). Collaborative

DNA Evidence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

DNA Evidence - Research Paper Example The research on DNA evidence started showing significant improvement by the 20th century. DNA evidence became widespread and it became a problem-solving tool for immigration disputes, refining the assay, resolving specimen identity, detecting genetic differences and identifying criminals; thus, the need for DNA identity testing became significant. Historically, DNA evidence began in the forensic field when ABO blood group was used as a system in providing evidence of crime issues. Later, the paternity identification that based on serum protein variation became commonly used. However, it was not until when Jeffrey became a pioneer of DNA based identity testing. DNA evidence became common in federal courts, and the first DNA evidence was carried out in the court case of Andrews Vs., Florida in 1988 (Newton, 2008). Many states started adopting DNA evidence in order to identify crime issues as a way of maintaining criminal justice. DNA evidence started evolving as an effective technique of providing proof over crimes issues. It is used up to present in many areas including clinical applications for testing identity, and also solving paternity issues in case of child denial or resolving specimen identity; thus determining the origin of mishandled specimens. The major sources of DNA evidence include semen, bone, blood, skin cells, hair, teeth, urine, tissue, saliva, feces, and vomit. First, blood is one of the main sources of DNA evidence. The substrate in which bloodstain is found can determine the DNA testing; thus providing effective evidence in case of homicide or any other crimes issues. Blood contains some substances that may hamper successful DNA testing process; thus, these substances can be removed through purification methods (Parks, 2010). DNA profiling is the only way through which scientists can be able to stain of a given blood mixture. Through DNA testing, one can be able to determine in case specimen are from the same or different sexes. Semen is anot her source of DNA testing. The semen stains can be analyzed and examined as well as tested through conventional methods in order to provide the required evidence. Sperm cell staining can help in determining in case the stain is the outcome of vaginal drainage. This will enable scientists to determine the rape cases through DNA analysis of semen stains. Moreover, body tissues, saliva and hair roots are among the major sources of DNA evidence. DNA strand isolation from body tissues can help in achieving the intended goals of DNA evidence. DNA survival can be found in teeth or dense bones. The remains of body tissues that have been scattered by either gunshot or trauma can adhere to the bullet; thus, they can sometimes yield sufficient DNA testing. There are some treated tissues by use of the chemical treatment known as formaldehyde and embalming. DNA testing can be successful in both tissues. For instance, a body of a person killed and buried for many years can still yield better resu lts when used in carrying out DNA evidence. Hair roots can be the legitimate source of DNA evidence, but they are not effective in regular forensic use. Saliva can be taken from penile marks, bite marks,  bottles and cigarette butts found in the crime scene. Despite the exciting promise of DNA technology, DNA evidence poses some problems.

Rape in American Slavery System During the Antebellum

Rape in American Slavery System During the Antebellum Introduction The first African slaves arrived in Virginia, North America in 1619. As the plantations of the antebellum south flourished, the African slave trade gained momentum. (Slavery in the ante-bellum South). Between the 16 and 19th centuries, America had an estimated 12 million African slaves (Slavery in the United States). Enslavement of the African Americans formally commenced in the 1630s and 1640s. By 1740, colonial America had a fully developed slavery system in place, granting slave owners an absolute and tyrannical life-and-death authority over their slaves or chattels and their children. (Slavery in the United States) Stripped of any identity or rights, enslaved black slaves were considered legal non-persons, except in the event of a crime committed (Slavery in the ante-bellum South). Documents and research on the slave era in the antebellum south are awash with horror stories of the brutal and inhuman treatment of slaves, particularly women. ( David Brion Davis and Eugene Genovese,- Slavery in the United States-Treatment). Considered properties by their masters, enslaved black women endured continual physical and emotional abuse, sexual violations, torture, and sometimes even death. (Susanne Scholz ) This research paper takes up the issue of how rape in the American slavery system during the antebellum south affected the African American society, and attempts to answer the following questions: How sexual violence affected slave family life and their behavior? By the 1800s, slavery had percolated down mainly to the antebellum south (Africans in America). Whilst a majority of these slaves were designated as field servants performing duties outside the house, a smaller percentage, particularly women were employed as domestics or house servants, mammies and surrogate mothers. Owners generally enforced their status as property owners by callous methods (Africans in America). Many first person accounts (Harriet A Jacobs) and other data available, underscore the rampant sexual exploitation of African women slaves. In the absence of any safeguards, with laws granting owners sweeping powers over their slaves, these women in bondage were habitually ravished, harassed, sexually stalked and used as long term concubines not only by their masters, but by the owners families and friends as well. Slave men, for their part, were rendered powerless to challenge or intervene, as to do so would mean sure death or sale to distant plantations (Africans in America). Progeny or mulattos resulting from such rapes were also considered slaves, unless freed by the owner. (Historian Eugene Genovese -Slavery in the United States). As masters applied their stamp to the domestic life of the slave quarter, slaves struggled to maintain the integrity of their families. Slaveholders had no legal obligation to respect the sanctity of the slaves marriage bed, and slave women- married or single had no formal protection against their owners sexual advances. Without legal protection and subject to the masters whim, the slave family was always at risk.(slavery in the united states treatment rapes of females ) However, in quite a few documented cases, enslaved black women worked as devoted loyal servants, as mammies and surrogate mothers for white children demonstrating the absence of oppression and bonds of affection that actually united the two races. Blassingame,* underlines the fact that slave parents tried to shield their young from the brutal realities of the plantation. They often dissuaded angry urges among the children, which generally arose after their first whipping, from seeking revenge or running away. Children often internalized the two contradictory behavior responses of their parents; one submissive in front of the owner, the other castigating their owners action in private. They understood that submissiveness was a way to avoid punishment, but the true behavior model emulated was the one they witnessed in private. The family was an important survival mechanism, for no matter how often the family was broken, it enabled the slave to survive on the plantation without becoming totally submissive to or dependent on the master. Slaves often retaliated, subtly or overtly, to their inhuman treatment. They resorted to destroying crops or disabling machinery, slowing down work. Many stole food, livestock and valuables. Some committed suicide or mutilated themselves to reduce their property value and some even murdered their masters, by the use of weapons or poison (Africans in America). Furthermore, slave parents were also concerned about the owners interference in their private lives. Southern law defined slaves as moveable property or chattel. Often buying, selling and trading slaves, owners habitually split families, frequently taking children from their mothers. Slaves were often blackmailed with such treatment if they refused to work or if the women repulsed the advances of their masters (organization of American historians -Family life in the slave quarters survival strategies- Marie jenkin Scwartz) How were the masters able to wield significant control and power, over their black mistress A Virginia law declared slaves to be chattel personal in the hands of their owners and possessors for all intents, construction, and purpose whatsoever (African American History by Henry Drewry). It affirmed their total ownership and right over their slaves particularly the womenfolk. As absolute property of their owners, enslaved black women were thus uprooted their homes and families and to comply with every physical and sexual whim of the master. They had to learn to be totally submissive to the master, in mind and body. Sexual abuse could be in the form of sexual coercion to forced breeding for profit. Refusal of sexual overtures met with physical and emotional abuse and often the sale of a family member to distant farms, never to be seen again. She had no safeguard or refuge as the law regarded rape as a mere trespassing of property. Developing relations with fellow slaves, men and women, proved difficult as she or her friends could be deported or sold to another property at any given time. Any challenges by the male slaves to such sexual exploitation could mean an end to their own lives (Life of a woman on a plantation- an essay Berkin). First person accounts of two slave girls, Harriet A Jacobs and Cecil (Harriett a Jacobs An autobiography Incidents in the life of a slave girl 1861) (Essay on Slavery Celia a slave) substantiate this claim. Both female slaves of African descent articulated the pain and suffering caused by the repeated sexual violation of their bodies and how they were held captive by their masters till they decided to take matters into their hands and escape their captors. Compelled to live under the same roof with a man forty years her senior, he daily violated her. Her misery seemed inescapable, for there was no law to protect her from the constant insults, violence or even death. She finally managed to escape and went into hiding for seven years, before she could flee to another place. Though reluctant mistresses, these enslaved African women were often labeled as jezebels, innately promiscuous or even predatory by the white women. They were perceived to enjoy higher status and privileges than other slave women, but these privileges were tainted by the fact that they were forced into sexual submission (Africans in America). However, research based data indicates that quite a few of these formed short term liaisons with their white owners for vested interests (Southern Mulattos Population) and, yet others willingly maintained long-term relationships with their masters, begetting them children. Contemporary sociologist K Sue Jewell in her book à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦describes Jezebel as a tragic mulatto indicating they formed the bulk of black women sold into prostitution. In a system termed placage, many such freeborn light-skinned women were willing mistresses to wealthy white southerners. (3)How did southern plantation owners use their powers not only to control their mistress but their children and even male slaves under their control? Slaves were at an utter disadvantage and powerless as they were designated legal properties of their owners. Authorized to use punitive measures, slave owners and their families deployed severe methods on the least pretext to ensure slave obedience (Slavery in the United States). A variety of objects and contraptions such as the more commonly used whip, shackles, chains, metal collars, knives, guns, field tools, forced walking on the treadmill and even hanging were used to quell any disobedience or rebellion. Reasons for punishments ranged from breaking a law like leaving the plantation without permission, running away, not following orders or slow work, often punishing them in front of others to make an example of them (Slavery in the United States). In fact, the law required slave owners to mandatorily discipline recaptured runaway slaves or face fines. Owners also constantly blackmailed slaves with the threat of sale of their family members to distant plantations, never to be seen again. Enslaved blacks continued to be sexual pawns in the hands of their owners. Children that ensued from these actions were also treated as slaves as they took on the status of their mothers. (Slavery in the United States) Slave marriages were considered illegal and couples were frequently separated through sale. (The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South is a book written by American Historian John W. Blassingame). It was unsafe for a slave couple to be residing on the same plantation. Nothing demonstrated the utter powerlessness of the husband as he watch the brutal whipping and rape of his wife and the sale of his children. He had no alternative but to comply with the demands of his master. However, Blassingame also indicates that owners understood the need to encourage monogamous relationships a black man, they reasoned, who loved his wife and his children was less likely to be rebellious or to run away than would a single slave(The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South is a book written by American Historian John W. Blassingame). Whilst some masters were compassionate, most slaves knew that any error or crisis would take them to the auction block. Slave owners were also uncomfortable with the fact that slave children might question their authority and the legitimacy of the order, as they were reared to respect other authority figures like their parents (Organization of American historians -Family life in the slave quarters survival strategies- Marie Jenkin Scwartz). To subvert this, owners established rules and planned activities aimed at minimizing the importance of slave family life and emphasizing his position as the master. Many went to the extent of referring to their slaves as family members which gave them the right to interfere in their slaves private lives. To this end, they kept a keen watch on their slaves activities night and day, including such mundane matters as to what they ate, how they dressed and when they slept. They would often bribe the slave children or reward bad behavior with toys or gifts (Slavery in the United States) How did slavery laws and southern politic support the rights of slave owners to abuse their slaves Enslavement of the African Americans formally commenced in the 1630s and 1640s (Slavery in the Civil war Era). Colonial courts and legislatures clearly affirmed that Africansunlike their counterpart white indentured servants-would serve their masters for life and their slave status would be inherited by their children. A 1667 A Virginia act declared that Baptisme doth not alter the condition of the person as to his bondage or freedome. And By 1740 colonial America had a fully developed slavery system in place (Slavery in the Civil War Era). In fact in Virginia, after 1807, slaves were considered the chief cash crop of their owners. Such legislation gave owners ultimate power over their slaves (Slavery in the United States). A law on partus in 1662 in Virginia indicated that children of an enslaved mother would automatically be slaves, even if the father was a freeborn white. This further institutionalized the power relationships and freed the white men from any legal responsibility of either acknowledging or supporting their children, confining the scandal of illegitimate, mixed-race children to the slave quarters. In the 1860s, elite families, who formed a bulk of the shareholding families, influenced and shaped the political scenario of the land. Foremost amongst their common concerns was controlling and ensuring an adequate supply of slave labor (Slavery in the civil war era) Legislation in the south was so designed as to protect the owners rights to their human chattels. Slave codes incorporated in these laws admitted, if grudgingly so, that slaves were human beings and not property like animals. However, these codes instituted many clauses to minimize the possibility of slave rebellion. The codes made it illegal for slaves to (a) educate themselves to read and write (b) to attend church services without a white person, or (c) to testify in court against a white. Also, leaving their home plantation without a masters written pass was forbidden. Additional laws sought to restrict the possibility of manumission (the freeing of ones slaves). Between 1810 and 1860, legislation in all Southern states restricted the right of slave owners to free their slaves, even in a will, as free blacks might inspire other slaves to rebel. As a consequence, most Southern states required that any such freed slave leave the state within thirty days (Slavery in the Civil War Era). Authorities established slave patrols to enforce these codes. Locally organized bands of young white men, both slave owners and yeomen farmers patrolled the night checking that slaves were in indeed their quarters. These patrols shared a common desire to keep the black population in check (Slavery in the civil War Era) How the isolation of Plantation life in the south factor into the percentage of numbers of rape of black slaves. Although slavery was widespread throughout antebellum America, the 1830s saw a greater demand and concentration of African American slaves in the flourishing plantations of the antebellum south (Slavery in the civil war Era). Legislation of slavery in the southern states, unlike the north where there were free slaves, indicated that all slaves to be chattel personal in the hands of their owners and possessors for all intents, construction, and purpose whatsoever. (African American History). A black man could be whipped for no reason. He could be beaten, stripped or tortured for the entertainment of his master. A black woman could be sexually harassed, assaulted, beaten or raped at anytime without question.(Life of women in the plantation slavery essay) As bonded laborers and property of their owners, slaves were confined to live and work on the plantations. Permission to go outside the premises was only by written consent from the master and severely punishable if disobeyed (Slavery in the Civil War Era). It served the owners dual purpose of labor exploitation and race control. Children and women were used as domestic help so as to not waste capable labor (Berkin Life of women slaves on the plantation- an essay Berkin, p. 62). Slave codes incorporated in the legal system restricted their movements and growth. They were not permitted an education, could not testify against a white or attend church services without one (Slavery in the United States). Authorities established slave patrols to enforce these codes. .( Slavery in the United States) In the absence of any safeguards and laws to protect them, enslaved African women were the worst victims of a system that designated and treated them as sole property of the owners. Of the data available and horrific first person accounts of two slave African Americans, women suffered the worst possible sexual violence and abuse (Berkin Life of women slaves on the plantation- an essay Berkin, p. 62). Her non-compliance resulted in severe physical and emotional punitive measures for herself and her spouse or the selling of a family member a child, spouse, parent or near relative to a distant land never to be seen again. Any rebuttals to such sexual exploitation by the male slaves could result in death (Berkin Life of women slaves on the plantation- an essay Berkin, p. 62)). Conclusion The antebellum era in America is strife with the slavery epoch which went contrary to the principles of the War of Independence. It is ironical that the very state, Virginia in which the American Declaration of Independence was signed, would be the first to legitimize slavery. African slaves first set foot in Virginia, America in 1619 with the arrival of captives sold by a Dutch to settlers in Jamestown. Considering their economic worth, particularly in the plantations in the antebellum south, their demand grew and spiraled over time up to the 1800s.(African American History). Colonial courts and legislatures had racialized slavery (Slavery in the United States)The first arm of legalization in 1662 stated that such Africans would be servants for life, and later in a 1667 another act declared that Baptisme doth not alter the condition of the person as to his bondage or freedome. By 1740 a concrete legal slavery system in colonial America was in place. A Virginia law gave owners absolu te right over their property stating that slaves were chattel personal in the hands of their owners and possessors for all intents, construction, and purpose whatsoever. (African American History). Legitimizing slavery gave owners sweeping powers of life and death over their slaves, particularly, the enslaved black women ((Berkin Life of women slaves on the plantation- an essay Berkin, p. 62). Slaves were brutally penalized and sometimes even murdered. Rape and sexual violence against enslaved black women was rampant and not considered a crime except for the fact that it represented trespassing on anothers property. Owners often resorted to severe punishment, physical and emotional, to reinforce submissive behavior, particularly against black slave women. Designated as property to their white owners, they lived with the constant reality of rape as is witnessed in the first person accounts of Harriet a Jacobs and Celia ((Berkin Life of women slaves on the plantation- an essay Berkin, p. 62). Habitually, raped, harassed, sexually stalked and used as long term concubines not only by their masters, but by the owners families and friends, these enslaved women lived in constant fear of punishment either physically or emotional blackmail through separation when their loved ones and family members were sold to distant plantations, never to be seen again. (Africans in America) Laws accommodated the owners actions, classifying the resultant progeny as children of the mothers only, absolving the white father of any responsibility, unless they were freed by the owner.( Historian Eugene Genovese -Slavery in the United States) Though Black women were reluctant mistresses, they were termed as seducers called, Jezebels However, there is evidence to suggest that some enslaved black mistresses had devised a way to use her sexuality as a means of avoiding exploitation by her master and for other vested interests (Southern Mulatto Population). Slave men for their part were powerless to intervene as they faced the threat of death. (Africans in America). A slave couple residing on the same plantation were unsafe. Nothing demonstrated the husbands powerlessness more than the brutal whipping and rape of his wife and sale of his children. (The Slave Community: Plantation Life in the Antebellum South is a book written by American Historian John W. Blassingame). However, owners also understood the importance and need of allowing monogamous relationships, as this was less likely to create run-away slaves. Slaves struggled to maintain the integrity of their family and culture, even as masters applied their stamp to the domestic life of the slave quarter. Fearing that slave children might question their authority, slave owners established rules and planned activities aimed at affirming his position as master. (Organization of American historians -Family life in the slave quarters survival strategies- Marie Jenkin Scwartz). The fact that the slaves in the antebellum south were legalized and property of the owners afforded them no rights or freedom. Their isolation from the north, where free slaves resided, further detracted from any hope of freedom or better quality of life than at the hands of their tyrannical owners. ((Berkin Life of women slaves on the plantation- an essay Berkin, p. 62)

Health Insurance Essay

For someone like me who has no health insurance it is very hard to keep up with my healthcare, but with the new health care laws that are coming about it may be a little easier for people to stay healthy. Thesis: Healthcare is a very important part of life, it keeps people healthy, but is also non-affordable if you do not have any health insurance. A. Why is healthcare important? Longer more productive living for one To ensure a healthy body, a healthy workplace, a healthy community, and a healthy nation Community is protected from contagious disease and the loss of tax revenue from illness Our national security is threatened when our nation suffers from a lack of good health B. What has been done to improve the cost of healthcare? The Affordable Care Act (been the â€Å"the law of the land† for almost three years. Employer based coverage Companies with more than fifty employees are required to offer health insurance or pay a fine With obamacare, policies will still be regulated by the states, but the policies are required to provide minimal essential benefits, such as mental health and maternity coverage Insurance is â€Å"guaranteed issue†, meaning you cannot be turned down no matter what illness you have in your past. C. The price of healthcare. Price is determined by only four criteria Age, premium rating area, number of family members getting coverage, and tobacco use. Starting October 13,2013 you will have the ability to shop for these new individual policies on a health coverage exchange. Conclusion: As I have pointed out it takes a lot to have and keep health coverage in today’s world, but also as you can see there are some things that are coming about to make it a little easier. The new healthcare laws are just the first step in improving are healthcare system. Even though the system still has a very long road ahead of them at least it is being recognized in some way shape or form. References WWW. answers. yahoo. com/questions/index? WWW. forbes. com/sites/carolynmcclanahan/2013/03/03/obamacare-is-around-the-corner-where-will-you-buy-health-insurance-and-what-will-it-cost.

Non Traditional View of History - 548 Words

â€Å"History is written by the winners† is a popular saying that is often associated with Winston Churchill, but in actuality George Orwell, a widely known novelist, essayist, journalist and critic from the mid-twenty century, wrote this phrase in his essay â€Å"As I Please.† While the quote from Orwell is generally true, it brings about certain bias towards how history is taught. With history being seen as written by the winners, many who are beginning to study history are restricted from understanding and gaining the knowledge of the â€Å"losers† in history. Throughout the tutorials in the course the readings had a common theme; that they are written from a non-traditional view. The tutorial articles and essays focused on the â€Å"losers† of history and brought their stories to light. Some of the best examples were learning about how aboriginals felt on the first meeting with Europeans, treatment of diseases and medicine, exiled Acadians, hidde n aspects of war, and a focus on women’s roles being enhanced and highlighted. Despite the assumption that the â€Å"winners† in history have had an immense impact on how history is perceived today the tutorial sources show that the â€Å"losers† do in fact write history and can have a greater impact on how history in pre-confederation Canada is written. The sources from the tutorials all enhance a view that was before uncertain and unseen. These sources have helped shape the way that we write about history in pre-confederation and shown us that theShow MoreRelatedThe Societies Of The World1133 Words   |  5 PagesOrientalism that view the societies of the world in a dualistic manner—the West sees and defines itself in relation to a culture of opposites. While it identifies itself as familiar and normal, it characterizes the Other according to its deficiencies. The Western world will never be able to fully understand other societies and their differen ces in relation to one another if it continues to perpetuate these distinctions. Wolf’s perspective places an emphasis on the role of history in perceptionsRead MoreMabo V Queensland : Significance And Impact Of The Courts On Australian Law And Legal History948 Words   |  4 Pagesand impact of the courts decisions on Australian law and legal history. The High Court’s Decision in 1992 has had a significance impact on our legal history. The Australian High Court made void to the concept that Australia was terra nullius which has altered our legal history in Australia dramatically in the way in which we see the British invasion in 1788, and the laws that we attain to contribute, and recognise the traditional custodians of the land at this present day. In this essay I willRead MoreEssay on Women in Sports961 Words   |  4 PagesWomen in Sports Challenges appear to be part of the human experience. In the course of history, very little has come easily. The progress that women have made in sport in the United States over the course of the last 100 years seems remarkable for the amount achieved in so little time. In relation to the other advances made in this century, including mens sport, that achievement dims. While women have made great advances, they havent, in comparison, come that far. It would appear, from theRead MoreEssay on Distance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom1550 Words   |  7 PagesDistance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom Non-traditional students are finding it easier and easier to maintain a job, a family, and pursuing a college career at the same time. This is possible because more and more non-traditional students are receiving an education using distance learning, as opposed to traditional, in-the-classroom teaching. Distance learning is basically taking college level, credit-bearing courses via the Internet. One of the most obvious advantages of distanceRead MoreEssay on Distance Learning vs. Traditional Classroom Comparative1573 Words   |  7 PagesDistance Learning vs. the Traditional Classroom Non-traditional students are finding it easier and easier to maintain a job, a family, and pursuing a college career at the same time. This is possible because more and more non-traditional students are receiving an education using distance learning, as opposed to traditional, in-the-classroom teaching. Distance learning is basically taking college level, credit-bearing courses via the Internet. One of the most obvious advantages of distanceRead MoreTraditional Learning Environment for Adults Learners Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pagesin direct relation to the knowledge gained by the adult students. TRADITIONAL LEARNING CONTEXT How does one learn from only a lecture? This question has been asked many times but just as often, there is no real answer. I, for one, am not a lecture learner and struggled in a few of my undergraduate classes. I was attending Henderson Community College and to cover all of my general education requirements I had to take two history classes. I had decided to attend summer classes, through an onlineRead MoreTraditional and Non-Traditional Litigation1006 Words   |  4 Pageshuman history and civilization, laws have been in effect to assist people by regulating the way in which society functions. Laws today exist to ensure that society is run in a smooth and effective way. The complexity of society, however, has also necessitated an increasingly complex set of laws and litigation types. Two main litigation systems that people can use to day to resolve disputes are the traditional and nontraditional judicial dispute resolution systems. Generally, the traditional systemRead MoreGende r As A Person s Identity1111 Words   |  5 Pagessocial institution an individual imparts oneself in is religion. Religious institutions use scriptures as the primary basis for life such as the Holy Bible for the Catholics and the Quran for the Muslims. Of the data given, some Christians and Muslim non-heterosexuals experience social exclusion because of some spiritual texts (Yip, 2005). According to a survey by Pew Research Center s Social Demographic Trends done in 2013 on the religious affiliations, 48% of the LGBT Americans did not have oneRead MoreIn the period of modernity, the aspect of Aboriginality has become manipulated through the primary1700 Words   |  7 Pagesprejudice and assumptions of Indigenous Australians by White Australians and the way this shapes an individuals real world. In the 1995 Social Justice Report Professor Dodson identified that recognition will have great benefits over time in changing Non-Indigenous social attitudes towards Aboriginal and Torre s Strait Islanders (AHRC, 2013). The film Yolngu Boy (2001) directed by Stephen Johnson and the collection of seven inkjet prints titled Majority Rule (2013) by Michael Cook represent IndigenousRead MoreZionisms Greatest Conceit Essay1594 Words   |  7 Pagesethnic and religious identity throughout four millennia of peace and conflict illustrates not only the strength of their conviction but also their skill in organizing and leading themselves. Their uniquely Jewish political skill developed throughout history is an essential and compelling explanation for the preservation of their society (Dowty, 1998). For Alan Dowty, this political tradition is the key to understanding Israel both today and undoubtedly tomorrow. Whether autonomous or as part of a

Essay Anxiety Disorders - 1302 Words

Anxiety Disorders Anxiety is a normal reaction to stressful situations that helps in the coping process for individuals. On some occasions, anxiety may become so severe that it impairs the ability to cope and can create psychosocial impairment. High levels of anxiety that interfere with daily activities and social interaction are considered a psychiatric disorder. Anxiety disorders are treatable and can have profound effects on the psychosocial aspect of the individuals life. This paper will discuss the possible causes of anxiety disorders and the affects that it may have on an individual’s psychological state. The social implications of this disorder will also be discussed to get a clear understanding of how extreme anxiety can†¦show more content†¦For instance, an individual may experience such high levels of anxiety that they may avoid social interactions all-together out of embarrassment or fear of losing control. Irritability is also common in anxiety disord ers and may affect not only the person experiencing anxiety or panic attacks, but can also have a huge impact on the people around them. This often leads to family and friends avoiding situations where they will have to socialize with the affected person. Many other disorders can result from simply having an anxiety disorder, such as eating disorders or panic attacks. The worst-case scenario is that the individual may become so depressed that they become self-destructive. The use of alcohol or street drugs may become prevalent, and often times the individual may become overwrought with suicidal thoughts. Psychological Perspectives of Anxiety Disorders There are many factors involved when evaluating the onset of anxiety disorders from a psychological perspective. The early developmental experiences that children have may play a pivotal role on the psychological occurrence of high amounts of anxiety that may plaque them into adulthood. According to Cromer (2007), â€Å"Sigmund Freud believed that some children were more prone to anxiety disorders due to being overrun by neurotic or moral anxiety†. Another contributing psychological factor of anxiety disorder can be contributed to the atmosphere that aShow MoreRelatedAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders1075 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinition for anxiety from a text book stand point. Someone that has or has experienced anxiety would describe it differently. An anxiety problem can be developed through genetics, past life events, and personality. Anxiety can be broken down into six different branches: generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder , phobia, post-traumatic stress disorder, and social anxiety disorder. People with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) often have increased anxiety over somethingRead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders1868 Words   |  8 Pagesof both physical and mental development. Mood disorders are often overlooked during this time for the brain becoming more developed; however among children, anxiety disorders seem to be the most common disorders to be experienced (Nelson; Israel, pg 112). Barlow (2002) defines anxiety as a future-oriented emotion that is characterized by the inability to be in control and predict future events that can be potentially dangerous to the individual. Anxiety shares commonalities with fear, but the differenceRead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders2598 Words   |  11 PagesFor a huge amount of people, anxiety is a normal response to everyday stress. It’s a normal emotion that everyone goes through at a certain points in their lives. Many people feel anxious or nervous when facing problems at work, school, etc. A nxiety disorders however, are super different. They can cause such distress that interferes with a person’s ability to live a normal life. Anxiety disorders are the most common psychological disorders in the United States. About 27.6 million people in the URead MoreAnxiety Disorder And Anxiety Disorders1224 Words   |  5 PagesAnxiety is defined as a persistent fear that occurs in the absence of a threat. Anxiety and fear are typical human reactions that can be exaggerated. When an individual’s anxiety interferes with their everyday life, it is then referred to as an anxiety disorder. There are five classes of anxiety disorder, which include: generalized anxiety disorder, phobic anxiety disorder, panic disorders, obsessive-compulsive disorders, and posttraumatic stress disorder. There is not a specific cause to anxietyRead MoreAnxiety Disorders And Anxiety Disorder848 Words   |  4 Pages Everyone in their life time experiences some sort of anxiety. It is that feeling that you get when you are about to take a test or doing a presentation in front of students. But some people, like me, have something worse than just the anxious feeling you get, something called anxiety disorder. It becomes a disorder when that anxious feeling happens frequently and makes you feel uneasy and different Figuring out that I had anxiety took a while, I always felt like I was anxious a lot more than everyoneRead MoreThe Anxiety Disorder ( Anxiety )1126 Words   |  5 Pages A Psychology disorder known as anxiety disorder, is the most common in the United States. In a result of, 18% of 40 million people suffers from anxiety. However, there are six different types of anxiety disorders in the results of stress, depression, social interaction, obsessive compulsive, and phobia. Which characteristic functions as a natural part of life, that can be treated thought several methods. Anxiety is a feeling of numerous of things, whether its danger or a sense of threat andRead MoreThe Anxiety Disorders : Social Anxiety Disorder2032 Words   |  9 PagesClient Goal There are many adolescences that suffer from anxiety that interferes with them performing in the school setting, and often affects their behavior and grades. One of these anxiety disorders is social anxiety disorder, which is â€Å"characterized by significant discomfort and avoidance of social or performance situations† (Ryan Warner, 2012, p. 105). Studies have found that â€Å"recent estimates indicate that 6% of children and 12.1% of adolescents meet criteria for this diagnosis† (Ryan Read MoreAnxiety Disorder3897 Words   |  16 Pageson Anxiety Disorder Jeffrey S. Fletcher, M.A. Kathleen B. Stinger Psychopathology and Counseling, Coun 656 4, May 2014 Author Note Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Student, Liberty University. Correspondence concerning this paper should be addressed to Jeffrey S. Fletcher, Jfletcher1@liberty.edu Abstract This research paper is designed to review articles and books of professional journals in anxiety disorders, definition of anxiety disorder, review of current and past treatments of anxiety disordersRead MoreState Anxiety And Anxiety Disorders3266 Words   |  14 Pagesincrease in research on anxiety. Ever since, special clinics have been introduced in order to help deal with anxiety disorders. It is suggested that the growth in research is due to anxiety being regarded as one of the most prominent and pervasive emotions, causing distress and negatively affecting large numbers of people. As stated by Rachman (2004), anxiety is described as the experience of unpleasant feelings and the unsettling anticipation of a threatening but vague event. Anxiety can be experiencedRead MoreGeneralized Anxiety Disorder1142 Words   |  5 PagesGeneralized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a disorder of shared self-reported symptoms. It goes with tension, uncontrollable worrying, sometimes muscle pain, tro uble sleeping, and irritability that all together impair work ability, relations, and leisure activities. It is a common condition and there are psychological and pharmacological treatment options are available for anxiety disorders but not all patients respond to the same treatment as others. Finding a good treatment can take many months or sometimes